Federal criminal prosecutions are handled by U.S. attorneys, who are appointed by and ultimately responsible to the U.S. Attorney General. State prosecutors—sometimes called district, state, county, or city attorneys—prosecute violations of state and local law.
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What is the difference between criminal law and civil law Quizlet?
One of the differences between criminal law and civil law is that in civil law there is no charge that a law has been violated. Litigants are the plaintiff and the defendant. Not everyone can challenge a law. Litigants must have what is called ________, meaning that
Do attorneys specialize in criminal or civil law?
While some attorneys practice both criminal and civil law, most attorneys specialize in one or the other. In criminal cases, the prosecutor is a government employee. Because the prosecutor represents the public, prosecutors have an ethical obligation to uphold the public's interest in doing justice.
What is the plaintiff in a civil case?
In civil court, one party (the plaintiff) brings suit against another party (the defendant) and asks the court to award monetary damages, change a party's legal status (such as dissolving a marriage), or order the plaintiff to do or stop doing something.
What are most of the cases handled in the Federal District Courts?
Most of the cases handled in the federal district courts are routine. T A distinguishing feature of the American judicial system is the potential for appeals, as well as the length of time it takes to reach a final resolution in cases. T
What is another name for the state or government's attorney in a criminal case?
A government lawyer who initiates prosecution of criminal offenses, and presents the case for prosecution in a criminal proceeding. The official name for the position of state prosecutors is district attorney.
What are the names of the two sides in civil cases?
They are plaintiffs (those who are suing in a civil case) or defendants (those being sued in a civil case or accused in criminal cases).
Who are the defendants and plaintiffs?
The Defendant is the individual(s) being accused of a crime or code. In Civil Cases, the Plaintiff is the person(s) who has alleged that a wrongdoing has been done to the them. The Defendant is the person(s) or entity that has been accused of committing a wrongful act.
What are the differences between criminal and civil law?
The key difference between civil and criminal law comes in the courts themselves, as criminal cases are typically prosecuted by state officials, whereas civil cases take place between plaintiffs, or private individuals/organizations.
Who are the parties involved in a civil and a criminal case?
Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. Criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.
What are the two sides of criminal law?
the prosecution and defense.
What is the prosecutor?
prosecutor. noun [ C ] /ˈprɑs·ɪˌkjut̬·ər/ a legal representative who officially accuses someone of committing a crime by bringing a case against that person in a court of law: Federal prosecutors intend to retry the case.
Who is the plaintiff?
A plaintiff is the person who initiates a legal claim. The defendant is the person who then defends the claim. Eventually in the course of a normal court case, there will be a trial and then the judge which make a decision about the dispute between the plaintiff and the defendant.
Who is the plaintiff in criminal law quizlet?
The plaintiff is the person suing and the defendant is the person who allegedly cause the problem.
What is the difference between criminal and civil law quizlet?
Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals , organizations, or between the two, in which compensation is awarded to the victim. Criminal law is the body of law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses.
How do federal criminal cases and federal civil cases differ?
A criminal case is filed by the government and is led by a prosecuting attorney. A civil case is filed by a private party, typically an individual or corporation, against another individual or corporation.
How can a case be both criminal and civil?
Regarding the facts and circumstances of the case, the criminal proceedings may be given more significance than the civil proceeding, however there is no hard and fast rule regarding the same. Both civil and criminal proceedings can be initiated by the victim simultaneously with distinct impetus and objective.
What are the sides of the court?
Understanding these roles can help make sense of the court proceedings.Crown Prosecutor. Lawyers hired by the government to prosecute criminal cases are called Crown Prosecutors. ... Lawyers. ... Accused. ... Plaintiff & Defendant. ... Petitioner & Respondent. ... Justice of the Peace. ... Trial Judge. ... Jury.More items...
What does petitioner and respondent mean?
"Petitioner" refers to the party who petitioned the Supreme Court to review the case. This party is variously known as the petitioner or the appellant. "Respondent" refers to the party being sued or tried and is also known as the appellee.
What is the defendant in court?
defendant - In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. defense table - The table where the defense lawyer sits with the defendant in the courtroom.
What are the types of civil claims?
Five Common Types of Civil CasesContract Disputes. Contract disputes occur when one or more parties who signed a contract cannot or will not fulfill their obligations. ... Property Disputes. ... Torts. ... Class Action Cases. ... Complaints Against the City.
Jurisdiction: The Power to Investigate, Prosecute, and Decide Cases
- A state has jurisdiction over defendants who violate the laws of that state—the power to arrest, charge, try, and convict them. The federal government has power over defendants who commit criminal acts on federal property (for example, an assault in a national park) or whose criminal acts cross state lines (for example, a kidnapper who transports a victim from Iowa to Missouri). …
Police Officers
- State and local law enforcement officers enforce and investigate violations of state law within their territorial jurisdiction—usually a municipality, city, county, or state. They are often organized into city or municipal police departments, county sheriff offices, and state patrol or investigation units. Federal agencies with law enforcement authority enforce and investigate only federal crim…
Prosecutors
- Federal criminal prosecutions are handled by U.S. attorneys, who are appointed by and ultimately responsible to the U.S. Attorney General. State prosecutors—sometimes called district, state, county, or city attorneys—prosecute violations of state and local law. Depending on the state, the head prosecutor for the city, county, district, or state mig...
Defense Attorneys
- Most criminal defendants qualify for government-paid defense attorneys. Government-paid attorneys are usually employed either by an office of the Federal Public Defender or a state or county public defender office, although localities in some states maintain a list of private attorneys, paid by the government, in place of an office of public defenders. If a public defender …
Trial Courts
- Most federal criminal prosecutions occur in United States District Courts. State criminal prosecutions are handled in local or state courts that carry titles, such as "superior court," "municipal court," "district court," or "county court," depending on the state and the seriousness of criminal charges.
Judges
- Federal trial judges are known as District Court judges; they are appointed for life by the President, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. State court judges are typically initially appointed by governors and then are subject to election every few years. State court trial judges carry titles such as Superior Court Judge, Municipal Court Judge, and (in New York) Supreme Court Judge. I…
Confinement
- A person convicted in state court and sentenced to imprisonment might spend time in local jail or state prison. Jails are short-term lockups, typically run by a city or county, that house pretrial defendants, inmates serving a misdemeanor sentence, and inmates serving time in jail as a condition of felony probation. State prisons handle long-term confinement of inmates serving fel…
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