Philip was the self-proclaimed protector of the Roman Catholic Church. He sought to limit the spread of Protestantism, and he ultimately completed the work of unification begun by Ferdinand and Isabella (the āCatholic Monarchsā) in the Iberian Peninsula.
Demosthenes, (born 384 bce, Athens [Greece]ādied Oct. 12, 322, Calauria, Argolis), Athenian statesman, recognized as the greatest of ancient Greek orators, who roused Athens to oppose Philip of Macedon and, later, his son Alexander the Great.
Philip II of MacedonPhilip II of Macedon was born in 382 B.C.E. in Aegae. He was the son of King Amyntas III. He was the 18th king of Macedonia and ruled from 359 to 336 B.C.E.
Why is Alexander the Great famous? Although king of ancient Macedonia for less than 13 years, Alexander the Great changed the course of history. One of the world's greatest military generals, he created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India.
Demosthenes escaped to a sanctuary on the island of Kalaureia (modern-day Poros), where he was later discovered by Archias, a confidant of Antipater. He committed suicide before his capture by taking poison out of a reed, pretending he wanted to write a letter to his family.
Alexander was just 16 when Philip went off to battle and left his son in charge of Macedonia. In 338 B.C., Alexander saw the opportunity to prove his military worth and led a cavalry against the Sacred Band of Thebesāa supposedly unbeatable, select army made up entirely of male loversāduring the Battle of Chaeronea.
Philip II of MacedoniaBattle of Chaeronea, (August 338 bce), battle in Boeotia, central Greece, in which Philip II of Macedonia defeated a coalition of Greek city-states led by Thebes and Athens.
Battle of Granicus, (May 334 bce). The first victorious engagement of Alexander the Great's invasion of the Persian Empire established the Macedonians on enemy soil. It allowed Alexander to replenish his empty supply stores and encouraged some key Greek states to rebel against the Persians.
The contributions that lead to the later achievements of Alexander were the education of Aristotle, the army Philip created including coinage and an established homeland.
His facial structure is likely a mixture of those depicted on his statues, Successor-era coins and the Alexander Mosaic, probably closer to the former two than the latter one. Being of mainly Greek heritage, Alexander was almost certainly of Mediterranean complexion and hair colour.
Cleopatra of Macedonia (Greek: ĪĪ»ĪµĪæĻĪ¬ĻĻĪ± ĻĪ·Ļ ĪĪ±ĪŗĪµĪ“ĪæĪ½ĪÆĪ±Ļ; c. 355/354 BC ā 308 BC), or Cleopatra of Epirus (Greek: ĪĪ»ĪµĪæĻĪ¬ĻĻĪ± ĻĪ·Ļ ĪĻĪµĪÆĻĪæĻ ) was an ancient Macedonian princess and later queen regent of Epirus. The daughter of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus, she was the only full sibling of Alexander the Great.
32Ā years (356 BCā323 BC)Alexander the Great / Age at death
Hammurabiās lasting contribution to western society was his set of laws written on twelve stones and displayed publicly for all to see, the most common being, "Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.". The laws are generally known as the Code ...
It is not certain why Hammurabi chose to break this alliance. Some scholars believe it was a fight over water rights or that Hammurabi wanted to gain control of Mariās strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes.
Lost for centuries after the fall of Babylon in 1595 BCE, the pillar was rediscovered in ruins of the Elamite city of Susa in 1901. The Hammurabi Code is not a complete set of laws, but more a series of enactments addressing specific cases and subjects such as slavery, debt, commercial regulations, marriage and inheritance.
Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylon, is best known for the development of a code of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi, which was used to regulate Mesopotamian society.
Hammurabiās Place in History. Since so many documents of governance contain trace elements of Hammurabiās Code, he has often been considered a visionary sovereign. More recently, historians have re-examined his reign and determined that his empire was not as invincible as once believed.
The first African-American member of the US Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall was an associate justice from 1967 to 1991. Earlier as an attorney, he fought for the abolishment of racial segregation in American public schools. He was also a strong proponent of individual rights. A symbol of black icon, there are numerous memorials in America to honour his legacy.
Died: September 18, 2020. The first Jewish woman to serve on the US Supreme Court, Ruth Bader Ginsburg was a jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
He is known for his campaign for political reform and fiscal conservatism. However, he was unable to deal with the economic depression in his second term as President, which led to massive decline in his popularity.
Senator from Massachusetts, a position which he served for almost 47 years. He was the fourth-longest-continuously-serving senator in the history of the United States. He was regarded as a major spokesman for American progressivism.
Lawyers provide legal advice to their clients, who can be individuals, businesses, the government, or other organizations. Judges are the appointed magistrates who preside over court proceedings. They may preside alone or as a part of a panel of judges.
Jerry Brown has been both the 34th and the 39th governor of California, from 1975 to 1983 and 2011 to 2019 , respectively, making him the oldest and the sixth-youngest California governor, between the two terms. He has also been the Oakland mayor, an attorney general, and a secretary of state.
Lawyers & Judges. Lawyers are the professionals who practice law as an attorney, counsel or solicitor. They are involved with the practical application of legal theories and knowledge to solve specific problems related to social and political justice. Lawyers provide legal advice to their clients, who can be individuals, businesses, the government, ...
The brother-in-law of Dionysius I, Dion, exiled from Syracuse in 366 BC by Dionysius II, assembles a force of 1,500 mercenaries at Zacynthus and sails to Sicily. Dion wrests power from the weak Dionysius II, who is exiled and flees to Locri.
The child's uncle, Philip II , assumes the regency. The Illyrians prepare to close in, the Paeonians raid from the north and two claimants to the Macedonian throne are supported by foreign powers. Philip II buys off his dangerous neighbours and, with a treaty, cedes Amphipolis to Athens.
Timotheus and Iphicrates refuse to engage due to a severe gale, but Chares does engage and lose many of his ships. Timotheus and Iphicrates are accused by Chares and put on trial, however only Timotheus is condemned to pay a fine.
Onomarchos' body is crucified, and the prisoners are drowned as ritual demanded for temple-robbers. Philip then moves against Thrace. He makes a successful expedition into Thrace, gaining a firm ascendancy in the country, and brings away a son of Cersobleptes, the King of Thrace, as a hostage.
Artaxerxes III ("Ochus") succeeds Artaxerxes II as King of Persia and restores central authority over the Persian empire's satraps. To secure his throne he puts to death most of his relatives.
Mausolus, King and Persian satrap of Caria, dies and is succeeded in 352 BC by Artemisia, his sister and wife.
Plato proposes a geocentric model of the universe with the stars rotating on a fixed celestial sphere.
As a former regional chief of the B.C. Assembly of First Nations, Wilson-Raybould brings extensive experience in law, public service, and First Nations governance to cabinet. She is Canadaās first aboriginal justice minister who has already changed the course of much litigation under the previous Conservative government. She is also tasked with making major changes to Canadaās law and justice system going forward on a variety of complex issues. She steered the controversial assisted-dying bill through amendments in the Senate to have it passed into law in mid-June. Since its passing, a constitutional challenge has been launched that sheāll have to address. Next up: medical marijuana legislation.
Finkelstein has been particularly active in high-profile commercial litigation cases recently. Among them, he represented the successful appellant Harish Bhasin, in Bhasin v. Hrynew, in which the Supreme Court of Canada for the first time recognized a legal duty to act honestly and in good faith in their contractual obligations. Itās a landmark decision that dramatically impacts the obligations of all parties to commercial contracts in Canada. Finkelstein was also lead counsel to Abbott Laboratories in Charlton v. Abbott Laboratories, Ltd., which set an important precedent in the area of product liability class actions; and Uber Canada Inc. in Edmonton (City) v. Uber Canada Inc., where he defeated an application by the city for an interlocutory injunction to prevent Uber from operating in Edmonton.
In the past year, among many other high-profile engagements, Binnie was appointed as special arbitrator in the very public and controversial Senate expenses investigation. His findings in that matter were released in March, stating, āI impute no bad motives to any of the senatorsā and reducing expenses owed in 10 of the 14 cases. In mid-June, the Senate decided to have a law firm review seven of the senatorsā cases to decide whether to launch further legal action. Binnie also continues to serve as chairman of the United Nations Internal Justice Council, where he is responsible for advising the UN General Assembly in its implementation of the new UN Dispute Tribunal and Appeals Tribunal systems. As for his role at Lenczner Slaght, Binnie shares strategic and practical advice as well as his dispute resolution expertise with colleagues and clients.
He was co-counsel in Ishaq v. Canada at the Federal Court and Federal Court of Appeal. The right of women to wear niqabs during their citizenship ceremonies became a major election issue throughout Canada. He was also co-counsel for JP and GJ at the Supreme Court of Canada in the November 2015 decision B010 v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) and was involved in litigation challenging changes to the Citizenship Act that allowed for the revocation of Canadian citizenship of individuals who had been convicted of certain crimes (treason, espionage, and terrorism).
Martin made the first ruling allowing a woman with ALS to have doctors help her end her life. It was the first decision under the process created by the Supreme Court of Canada in the interim period when the courtās decision made the old law invalid and before the government had introduced a new one. It set an important precedent that, while applicable for a short period of time, set out a process for patients seeking access to physician-assisted death. Martin had to decide how many doctors were needed to verify the applicantās physical and psychological suffering and whether a psychiatrist was required to assess her mental competence. The Alberta decision also had to be applicable in British Columbia, where the patient would go for the procedure.
Last year, Agarwal was counsel for Pro Bono Law Ontario in the Supreme Court of Canadaās decision in Hinse v. Canada (Attorney General) on the issue of indemnification for legal costs in private pro bono litigation. He is president of the South Asian Bar Association of Toronto, Canadaās largest minority bar association and North Americaās largest South Asian bar association. He encourages legal leaders, judges, and policy-makers to think about diversity as integral to access to justice. Agarwal consistently calls for a more diverse bar and judiciary, saying it is fundamentally important to increasing public confidence in the justice system, especially among visible minority communities. Agarwal regularly acts for diversity-seeking groups in pro bono litigation. He is a member of the Ontario Bar Associationās equality committee, where he is spearheading the initiative to gather diversity statistics from all CPD presenters with a view to making it more reflective of the bar and the community. Agarwal is also an adjunct professor at the University of Torontoās Faculty of Law and regularly speaks on class actions, commercial litigation, employment, human rights, and constitutional law.
Marie Henein , who first appeared on the list last year, was almost guaranteed a spot again as a result of her work on the Jian Ghomeshi trial and the ripple effect of the case in both the legal community and beyond. She was, by far, this yearās top vote getter. She was lauded by voters for, among other things, withstanding ātremendous pressure and negative feedback, yet represented the profession admirably,ā as well as for being āan inspirational lawyer and a role model for young female lawyers.ā
Demosthenes was born in Athens in the year 384 BC. His father, who was a wealthy knife maker, was called Demosthenes as well and his mother was named Kleovouli.
In 357 BC, Athens became involved in a Social War with some of her colonies. At the same time, the Sacred War broke out between Thebes and Phocis.
Philip II continued to advance southward, taking Phocis and moving towards Athens. It was time for Athens and its allies to stand back and accept Philip into the Council of the League.
In 324 BC, Demosthenes was accused of taking 20 talents deposited in Athens by Harpalus, a refugee from Alexanderās Army.
Among his retinue of artists was the court sculptor Lysippos, arguably one of the most important artists of the fourth century B.C. His works, most notably his portraits of Alexander (and the work they influenced), inaugurated many features of Hellenistic sculpture, such as the heroic ruler portrait ( 52.127.4 ).
Hemingway, SeĆ”n. ā Art of the Hellenistic Age and the Hellenistic Tradition .ā (April 2007)
Perikles (r. ca. 461ā429 B.C.), the most creative and adroit statesman of the third quarter of the fifth century B.C., transformed the Akropolis into a lasting monument to Athenās newfound political and economic power. Dedicated to Athena, the cityās patron goddess, the Parthenon epitomizes the architectural and sculptural grandeur of Periklesā building program. Inside the magnificent Doric temple stood the colossal gold-and-ivory statue of Athena made by the Greek sculptor Pheidias. The building itself was constructed entirely of marble and richly embellished with sculpture, some of the finest examples of the high Classical style of the mid-fifth century B.C. Its sculptural decoration has had a major impact on other works of art, from its own day to the present ( 27.45 ).
Hemingway, SeĆ”n. ā Intellectual Pursuits of the Hellenistic Age .ā (April 2007)
Hemingway, Colette. ā The Labors of Herakles .ā (January 2008)
Inside the magnificent Doric temple stood the colossal gold-and-ivory statue of Athena made by the Greek sculptor Pheidias. The building itself was constructed entirely of marble and richly embellished with sculpture, some of the finest examples of the high Classical style of the mid-fifth century B.C.
360/359ā336 B.C.), and the Macedonian royal court became the leading center of Greek culture. Philipās military and political achievements ably served the conquests of his son, Alexander the Great (r. 336ā323 B.C.). Within eleven years, Alexander subdued the Persian empire of western Asia and Egypt, continuing into Central Asia as far as the Indus River Valley. During his reign, Alexander cultivated the arts as no patron had done before him. Among his retinue of artists was the court sculptor Lysippos, arguably one of the most important artists of the fourth century B.C. His works, most notably his portraits of Alexander (and the work they influenced), inaugurated many features of Hellenistic sculpture, such as the heroic ruler portrait ( 52.127.4 ). When Alexander died in 323 B.C., his successors, many of whom adopted this portrait type, divided up the vast empire into smaller kingdoms that transformed the political and cultural world during the Hellenistic period (ca. 323ā31 B.C.).
The rule of aristocratic leaders was challenged by lesser aristocrats or wealthy tradesmen who wanted to overthrow the monopoly of the aristocrats. Known as tyrants they seized power from the aristocracy and took over rule in their stead. 621 BCE. Dracoās Code of Law.
The philosopher Plato, student of Socrates, founded the Academy in Athens.