Khodorkovsky was defended in court by an experienced team led by Yury Schmidt and including Karinna Moskalenko. The prosecutors claimed they were operating independently of the presidential administration. The Prosecutor-General, Vladimir Ustinov, was appointed by the former President Boris Yeltsin.
According to his official site, Khodorkovsky would have been eligible for early release, but an alleged conspiracy involving jail guards and a cellmate resulted in a statement that he had violated one of the prison rules. This was sufficient for him to forfeit his rights, once the statement was logged in his file.
The trial was criticized abroad for the lack of due process. Khodorkovsky lodged several applications with the European Court of Human Rights, seeking redress for alleged violations by Russia of his human rights.
He referred to himself as a "political prisoner", and stated he would not re-enter business or politics. Khodorkovsky stated in a December 2014 interview that he was not violating his promise to Putin to avoid politics, but was only engaged in "civil society work... politics is in essence a battle to get yourself elected, personally.
In May 2005, he was found guilty and sentenced to nine years in prison. In December 2010, while he was still serving his sentence, Khodorkovsky and his business partner Platon Lebedev were further charged with and found guilty of embezzlement and money laundering, Khodorkovsky's prison sentence was extended to 2014.
Khodorkovsky's parents, Boris and Marina Khodorkovsky, were engineers at a factory making measuring instruments in Moscow. Khodorkovsky's father was Jewish, and his mother was Russian Orthodox Christian. They were both opponents of Communism, though they kept this from their son, who was born in 1963. Having experienced a rise in state anti-Semitism and the death of Stalin, the Khodorkovskys were part of a generation of well-educated Soviets who were silently supportive of dissidents.
On being pardoned by Putin and released from prison at the end of 2013, Khodorkovsky immediately left Russia and was granted residency in Switzerland. At the end of 2013, his personal estate was believed to be worth, as a rough estimate, $100–250 million. At the end of 2014, he was said to be worth about $500 million.
The government under Russian president Vladimir Putin then froze shares of Yukos shortly thereafter on tax charges. Putin's government took further actions against Yukos, leading to a collapse of the company's share price and the evaporation of much of Khodorkovsky's wealth.
"At the root of the conflict between Putin and Khodorkovsky", stated writer and activist Masha Gessen in April 2012, "lies a basic difference in character. Putin rarely says what he means and even less frequently trusts that others are saying what they mean. Khodorkovsky, in contrast, seems to have always taken himself and others at face value—he has constructed his identity in accordance with his convictions and his life in accordance with his identity. That is what landed him in prison and what has kept him there."
In 2014, Khodorkovsky re-launched Open Russia to promote several reforms to Russian civil society, including free and fair elections, political education, protection of journalists and activists, endorsing the rule of law, and ensuring media independence.
With partners from Komsomol, and technically operating under its authority, Khodorkovsky opened his first business in 1986, a private café. The enterprise was made possible by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's programme of perestroika and glasnost.
A human rights lawyer is a lawyer that focuses on human rights issues such as discrimination based on characteristics like sex, race, gender, and more. They can represent individuals or groups in court both nationally and internationally, challenging unjust laws and policies ...
Over the course of his career, Stevenson and his team have won relief, reversals, or release for over 135 wrongly-condemned death row prisoners.
Samantha Power’s career begins with her serving as a war correspondent during the Yugoslav Wars, and then getting her J.D. degree from Harvard Law School. From 1998-2002, she served as the Founding Executive Director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy. The following year, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her book A Problem From Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. The book examined and critiqued America’s indifference to genocides around the world.
Best known in the general public for his book A Just Mercy, Bryan Stevenson is the founder and executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative , an Alabama-based human rights organization. Through this organization, Stevenson has taken on and won legal challenges aimed at the prison system. His focuses include unfair and excessive sentencing; innocent death row prisoners; abuse of prisoners and the mentally-ill; and children being prosecuted as adults. Over the course of his career, Stevenson and his team have won relief, reversals, or release for over 135 wrongly-condemned death row prisoners. The cases often go to the United States Supreme Court. In a case from 2012, the court banned mandatory life-imprisonment-without-parole sentences for kids 17 years old and younger, while a more recent case from 2019 ruled in favor of protection for condemned prisoners with dementia.