type of lawyer who does scientific resaerch

What is scientific research and who conducts it?

Apr 20, 2020 · 4) Analytical Legal Research. Analytical Legal Research is a style of qualitative inquiry. It is a specific type of research that involves critical thinking skills and the evaluation of facts and information relative to the research being conducted. Lawyers often use an analytical approach to their legal research to find the most relevant ...

What does a lawyer specialize in?

Feb 15, 2017 · Definition of Legal Research. Legal research is generally the process of finding an answer to a legal question or checking for legal precedent that can be cited in a brief or at trial. Sometimes, legal research can help determine whether a legal issue is a "case of first impression" that is unregulated or lacks legal precedent.

Can you have a science degree and be a lawyer?

Mar 05, 2013 · Although, for the lawyer, Step 2 is actually a two-parter: Step 2 (a): gather and identify all the relevant facts, and Step 2 (b): gather and identify all the relevant law. “Relevant” in this context means “could be useful,” either for the lawyer or the lawyer’s opponent. Trying to efficiently identify the most important factual and ...

When should you contact a lawyer for legal research?

Animal law is the study and practice of law relating to animals. As an animal rights lawyer, you apply the legal system to speak for animals and their human associates and allies. You might be contesting animal exploiters, defending animal rights activists, and campaigning for the legal status and rights of animals.

What is the difference between science and law?

Science, traditionally, is a discipline of sharing information , and an "open-ended search for expanded understanding, whose 'truths' are always subject to revision.".

What has led to the invasion of the scientific domain?

Expanding commercialism and the need to recover biotechnology investments and research funding through profits has led to the invasion of the scientific domain by legal issues—especially surrounding IP access to research data and conflicts of interest.

Who is Maria Granovsky?

In a recent interview with the University of Guelph Alumni magazine Portico, patent lawyer Maria Granovsky described her first employer in the legal field. The law firm Sterne Kessler, Goldstein & Fox (Washington, DC), was "keen to have associates who could argue the fine points of science.".

Can an invention be patented?

An invention that has been previously described in the literature , or something that has been on the market for years, cannot be patented. Yet, the filing party, or patent office, might not be aware of the pre-existing product or literature.

Can a patent case be opened on behalf of a client?

The cases might be opened on behalf of clients already holding rights to a product or copyright that has reason to claim those rights have been infringed by another party. Other times, clients might require protection from a lawsuit filed by another party whose patent claim, they feel, is invalid.

What is a disability attorney?

The Social Security Disability system can be a particularly complex system in which to navigate. An attorney who specializes in Social Security Disability issues can help you with any step in the Social Security Disability process, including assisting you with eligibility issues, launching an appeal of a decision to deny you benefits and dealing with the reduction or termination of your benefits.

What is an employment lawyer?

Employment Lawyer. Whether you’re a company that’s having a problem with an employee, or an individual who’s having problems with the company you work for, an employment lawyer can generally provide advice about legal issues which arise from an employment contract or within an employment relationship.

What is the best legal option for a lawsuit?

Suing someone, or responding to someone’s lawsuit against you? An attorney who specializes in civil litigation will be your best legal option. You may also find that different attorneys will specialize in different litigation areas as well. For example, a corporate litigation lawyer should have the expertise to help you with commercial litigation issues.

What is general practice law?

Unlike lawyers who specialize in a particular area of law, a general practice lawyer has a practice that handles a wide range of legal issues. Different general practice attorneys will have different areas of law with which they are most comfortable, so if you consult with a general practice lawyer, it’s always prudent to discuss his or her experience in handling the type of legal issue you’re facing.

What can a corporate lawyer do for you?

A corporate lawyer will be able to help you with issues related to the formation of your corporation, general corporate governance issues and corporate compliance issues.

What is an estate planning lawyer?

The estate planning lawyer specializes in wills and trusts, and can help you to draw up a will to pass on your assets. Among other estate planning legal services, this type of lawyer can help you set up a trust which will help take care of your children’s financial needs.

What is a worker's compensation lawyer?

If you’ve been injured while on the job, or have had to face the death of a loved one as a result of a workplace accident or occupational disease, a lawyer who specializes in workers compensation law can help you navigate the issues you face, such as the extent of the employer’s fault and the amount of benefits to which you are entitled.

Why do corporate lawyers conduct legal research?

Similarly, a corporate lawyer may conduct legal research in order to determine whether a proposed new policy would expose the company to liability.

What is legal research?

Legal research is generally the process of finding an answer to a legal question or checking for legal precedent that can be cited in a brief or at trial. Sometimes, legal research can help determine whether a legal issue is a "case of first impression" that is unregulated or lacks legal precedent. Virtually every lawsuit, appeal, criminal case, ...

What is the doctrine of Stare Decisis?

Stare Decisis: The doctrine under which courts adhere to precedent on questions of law in order to insure certainty, consistency, and stability in the administration of justice.

Do judges write opinions?

Judges often write opinions that aren't exactly easy for non-lawyers to follow. Lawmakers do the same with statutes. If you're researching a legal topic and you've hit a wall, it may be in your best interests to speak with an attorney.

How is a law professor different from a lawyer?

The law professor is different from the lawyer in that — at least ideally — the law professor’s motivation is to identify the most plausible construction of the data that supports a conclusion intriguing enough to be published, whereas the lawyer’s motivation is to identify a plausible construction of the data that best supports their client’s win conditions. In other words, because the law professor’s Step 1 is less bound to the goal of achieving a specific real-world objective, the law professor has a lot more wiggle room on how to define the possible results at Step 6 of the legal method.

What does it mean to think like a lawyer?

And from thinking back on my own experiences, and trying to identify the common thread in all of those incidents, the best definition I can come up with is this: to “think like a lawyer” is to engage in an inverted version scientific method. It is the art of identifying the plausible, and then portraying it as the logical. In short, people accuse you of “thinking like a lawyer” when you find a way to depict a given set of facts and law, in an accurate but deliberately emphasized fashion, so that the data compels a conclusion that has been pre-established by the lawyer.

Is thinking like a lawyer the same as being a professor?

Absolutely. The basic method of thinking like a lawyer is the same for both a law professor and a lawyer. The primary distinction is that the two have very different objectives, but the process they use is more or less the same.

Is the scientific method an inversion?

It is an inversion of the scientific method, in that the data does not — and, I would argue, cannot — compel the conclusion. The conclusion is predefined, and the lawyer’s job is to sift through the data and construct an explanation that results in the conclusion. But the steps followed in the scientific process are not all that different from the steps of the legal process, it is just that the legal method follows those steps in a slightly different order.

Is law a science?

Luckily for attorneys, law is not science; it is not defined by reference to a pre-existing reality, and it is not limited to formulations that are consistent with this pre-existing state. It only has to be consistent within itself. Which means there are lot of plausible ways that those facts and laws can be combined. The question for the lawyer, then, is what are the possible hypotheses that might be consistent with the relevant factual record? You are not looking at what did happen, you are looking for everything that could have happened. Then, taking the resulting class of possible hypotheses, you examine each of them in turn for their consistency with the results defined in Step 6.

Who represents the interests of the state in prosecuting those accused of crimes?

Prosecutors and district attorneys, who represent the interests of the state in prosecuting those accused of crimes

What is securities law?

Securities law focuses on the formation, organization, and financing of corporations. This is a complex area of law that almost always requires the services of a specialist. Securities law practice areas include: Stocks.

What is animal law?

Animal law is the study and practice of law relating to animals. As an animal rights lawyer, you apply the legal system to speak for animals and their human associates and allies. You might be contesting animal exploiters, defending animal rights activists, and campaigning for the legal status and rights of animals.

What is environmental law?

Environmental and natural resources law focuses on the legal and regulatory issues relating to natural resources. Environmental and natural resources lawyers may work directly for governmental agencies, public interest groups, or organizations concerned about protecting the environment.

What is health law?

Health Law. Health law focuses on regulations that impact the health care industry and its patients. Health law lawyers can represent hospitals, physician groups, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), individual doctors, universities, and many others.

What is international law?

International Law. International law focuses on the legal implications of increased travel across borders for business, tourism, and permanent residence. Fluency in other languages or familiarity with other cultures can be an advantage for law school graduates who want to practice in the international arena.

What is intellectual property law?

Intellectual property law focuses on the protection of discoveries, creations, and identifying marks for inventors, authors, and businesses. Intellectual property lawyers usually specialize in a specific practice area, which include: Patent law. Copyright law.

What is scientific research?

Scientific researches are studies that should be systematically planned before performing them. In this review, classification and description of scientific studies, planning stage randomisation and bias are explained. Keywords: Scientific researches, clinic researches, randomisation. Research conducted for the purpose of contributing ...

How is scientific research classified?

Classification can be made according to the data collection techniques based on causality, relationship with time and the medium through which they are applied.

How are cohort studies controlled?

Healthy participants are evaluated with regard to the exposure to the effect. Then, the group (cohort) is followed-up for a sufficient period of time with respect to the occurrence of disease, and the progress of disease is studied. The risk of the healthy participants getting sick is considered an incident. In cohort studies, the risk of disease between the groups exposed and not exposed to the effect is calculated and rated. This rate is called relative risk. Relative risk indicates the strength of exposure to the effect on the disease.

Why is observational research more attractive than other studies?

Observational research is more attractive than other studies: as necessary clinical data is available , coming to a conclusion is fast and they incur low costs (4) . In observational studies, the factors and events examined by the researcher are not under the researcher’s control.

Is a study experimental or clinical?

After the researcher intervenes, the researcher waits for the result, observes and obtains data. Experimental studies are, more often, in the form of clinical trials or laboratory animal trials (2).

Who conducts clinical studies?

Clinical studies are conducted by a responsible researcher, generally a physician. In the research team, there may be other healthcare staff besides physicians.

Is a retrospective study observational?

On the other hand, in retrospective studies, the research is made on recorded data: no new data can be added. In fact, retrospective and prospective studies are not observational. They determine the relationship between the date on which the researcher has begun the study and the disease development period.

What is scientific research?

Types of scientific research. Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. In our life new problems, events, phenomena and processes occur every day. Practically, implementable solutions and suggestions are required ...

What are the two types of basic and applied research?

Basic and applied researches are generally of two kinds: normal research and revolutionary research . In any particular field, normal research is performed in accordance with a set of rules, concepts and procedures called a paradigm, which is well accepted by the scientists working in that field.

What is exploratory research?

Exploratory research might involve a literature search or conducting focus group interviews. The exploration of new phenomena in this way may help the researcher’s need for better understanding, may test the feasibility of a more extensive study, or determine the best methods to be used in a subsequent study.

What are the two main classes of research?

The research is broadly classified into two main classes: 1. Fundamental or basic research and 2. Applied research.

Why is research important?

It is important in industry and business for higher gain and productivity and to improve the quality of products. Research leads to a new style of life and makes it delightful and glorious. It leads to the identification and characterization of new materials, new living things, new stars, etc.

Why is research important for government?

Research provides basis for many government policies. For example, research on the needs and desires of the people and on the availability of revenues to meet the needs helps a government to prepare a budget.

Is experimental research applied?

Most of the experimental research, case studies and inter-disciplinary research are essentially applied research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. A research, the outcome of which has immediate application is also termed as applied research. Such a research is of practical use to current activity. Applied research.

What are the different types of scientific research?

Some of the types of research scientific applied, basic, correlational, descriptive, ethnographic, experimental or exploratory research . Research includes any creative work done on a systematic basis to improve knowledge, including knowledge of humans, ...

Why do investigators investigate individual cases without the purpose of generalizing?

This study seeks to show how things can be changed and recognize that other variables are constantly changing.

What is correlational research?

The correlational research refers to the systematic investigation or statistical study of relations between two or more variables, without necessarily determining a cause and an effect.

Why is exploratory research important?

Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, the best method of data collection, and the selection of subjects. The results of exploratory research are usually not useful for making decisions for themselves, but they can give important insight into a given situation.

What is descriptive research?

Descriptive research refers to research that provides an accurate picture of the characteristics of a particular individual, a situation, or a group. Descriptive research is also known as statistical research.

Why do observational studies draw interference from a sample to a population?

Observational studies draw interference from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher due to logical constraints or ethical concerns.

What is experimental research?

Experimental research is an objective, systematic and controlled research with the purpose of predicting and controlling the phenomena and examining the probability and causality between the selected variables. The simplest experimental research includes two variables and two groups of participants:

The Marriage of Law and Science Degrees

Committee on Science, Technology, and Law

• The National Academy of Scienceshas recognized the convergence of these two very different disciplines by forming a Committee on Science, Technology, and Law. The committee is tasked with exploring, discussing, and establishing policies on five major areas: 1. Science in Litigation 2. Federal Information Policy/ Access to Research Data 3. Science a...

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Differences in The Disciplines

Growing Need For Combined Science and Legal Knowledge