The Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988 requires that: a. employees must be drug tested at the time of hire and whenever there is reasonable suspicion of drug use in the workplace. b. employers must develop and communicate polices prohibiting drug use, possession, or sale in the workplace.
a. Historically, arbitration has been used to resolve disputes over contractual rights. Regarding the interrelationship of federal and state employment laws: a. state laws must be identical to federal law or the state law is void.
The duty c. requires that employers supply unions with information relevant and necessary to bargaining effectively. The duty to bargain in good faith: a. requires both employers and unions to eventually reach agreement in their negotiations.
c. states may pass laws which expand employee rights, but may not enact laws that reduce employee protections granted in federal laws. d. employment law is exclusively a federal domain, so states may not enact laws when federal law already exists.
When Child labor began to decline, the labor and reform movements grew and labor standards in general began improving, increasing the political power of working people and other social reformers to demand legislation regulating child labor. Britain was the first to pass laws regulating child labor.
In almost all regions, boys and girls are equally likely to be involved in child labour. Two exceptions are the Middle East and North Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean, where boys are slightly more likely than girls to be engaged in child labour.
Causes. There are many causes to child labor, but the main ones are: Rapid human population growth, esp. in less developed countries, which then leads to an increase of poverty and death due to low standard living. this cycle causes poor children and their families to rely upon child labor in order to improve their chances ...
this cycle causes poor children and their families to rely upon child labor in order to improve their chances of attaining basic necessities. in these poor countries with high population, there always tends to be a lack of food, water, shelter, and employment.
Adolescents who work more than 20 hours per week have reported more problem behaviors, and sleep deprivation. The unconditional worst forms of child labor (e.g., slavery, soldiering, and prostitution) may have traumatic effects, including longer term health and socioeconomic effects.
Although many of us may think that children are not capable of much, for centuries, they are exposed to harsh and stressful work environments. ... such as picking bananas in Ecuador, coca in the Ivory Coast, cotton in Egypt, and fruits and vegetables in the US.
As the first U.S. state to make a law on child labor, Massachusetts's law passed in 1836 , required children under 15 to attend school for at least 3 months every year. then In 1919, the reform movement created the now popular union called ILO or The International Labor Org.
At San Diego's Hoover High, there's a group that calls itself theCrazy Brown Ladies. They wear heavy makeup, or "ghetto paint," and reservederision for classmates striving for grades ("schoolgirls" is the Ladies' labelfor these lesser beings).
Expectations vary significantly by nationality, but among all groups,50 percent or more of parents believe that their offspring will attain a collegedegree. Yet the resources required to achieve this lofty goal -- parentaleducation, family income, quality of schools attended -- often are not there.
A driving force behind today's immigrant wave is the labor needs of theAmerican economy. While those needs encompass a substantial demand for immigrantengineers and computer programmers in high-tech industries, the vast majority oftoday's immigrants are employed in menial, low-paying jobs.
The U.S. Census Bureau reports that the number of foreign-born persons in the United States surged to 28 million in 2000 and now represents 12 percent of the total population, the highest figures in a century. In New York City, 54 percent of the ...
Groups that comprise thelargest and fastest-growing components of contemporary immigration, primarilyMexicans, have the lowest human-capital endowments and incomes, and theirchildren end up attending mostly inner-city schools.
For immigrants and their children are people, notjust labor, and they cannot be dismissed so easily when their work is done. Theaftermath of immigration depends on what happens to these children. The prospectsfor many, given the obstacles at hand, appear dim.
The emergence of a "rainbowunderclass" that includes the offspring of many of today's immigrants is anominous but distinct possibility. The short-term economic benefits of immigration are easy to understand andequally easy to appropriate by the urban firms, ranches, and farms that employthis labor, ensuring their profitability.