njxson tax lawyer who was convicted

What was the conviction of Judge Richard Nixon for?

Aug 20, 1999 · Edward L. Morgan, a former White House lawyer who in 1974 pleaded guilty to participating in a plan to create a fraudulent $576,000 tax deduction for President Richard M. Nixon, died on Aug. 6 in...

How much did Nixon owe in unpaid taxes?

Nixon's malfeasance since entering office was a "serious threat to our tax system," he said, because "we expect the law to be applied equally to every taxpayer." [181] After a debate scheduled by the committee's leaders so as to reach the prime‐time television audience, the article was rejected, also by a 12–26 margin.

Who was the special prosecutor under Nixon?

May 26, 2015 · He pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to four months in prison. Nixon’s tax lawyer, Frank DeMarco, Jr., and the documents appraiser, Ralph G. Newman, were also indicted for conspiracy to defraud the United States for their part in the backdating of documents.

What did Richard Nixon's personal attorney do in Watergate?

Nov 18, 1974 · His official tax adviser, Edward L. Morgan, pleaded guilty to conspiring with unnamed others to violate the U.S. tax laws by backdating a deed of Nixon's papers to the National Archives in order to...

Who was Nixon's personal lawyer?

University of Southern California (B.A., J.D.) Herbert Warren Kalmbach (October 19, 1921 – September 15, 2017) was an American attorney and banker. He served as the personal attorney to United States President Richard Nixon (1968–1973).

Who was Nixon's Watergate lawyer?

John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is a former attorney who served as White House Counsel for United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal and his subsequent testimony to Congress as a witness.

Was Nixon a lawyer?

Richard NixonParent(s)Francis A. Nixon Hannah MilhousEducationWhittier College (BA) Duke University (LLB)OccupationPolitician lawyer authorSignature35 more rows

What is Jill Wine banks doing now?

She left Winning Workplaces in 2003 and joined the Chicago Public Schools as chief officer for career and technical education, a post she held until 2008. Since November 2008, Wine-Banks has worked as a consultant with F & H Solutions. Wine-Banks also has a robust career providing legal analyst commentary on MSNBC.

Why was president Nixon forced to resign?

The House Judiciary Committee approved three articles of impeachment against Nixon for obstruction of justice, abuse of power, and contempt of Congress. With his complicity in the cover-up made public and his political support completely eroded, Nixon resigned from office on August 9, 1974.

Did Nixon get a presidential funeral?

April 27, 1994Richard Nixon / Date of burial

Why was Nixon's stonewalling an impeachable offence?

Proponents argued that Nixon's consistent "stonewalling" constituted an impeachable offence as it threatened to diminish the House's constitutional impeachment power. McClory argued that the claim of executive privilege "has no place in an impeachment inquiry.".

Who was the president's lead attorney?

Additionally, Nixon shuffled his legal team, and in January 1974, James D. St. Clair, a Boston lawyer, supplanted Charles Wright as the president's lead attorney. At its height his legal team employed 15 lawyers. St.

What was the Watergate scandal?

The Watergate scandal began with the June 17, 1972, break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C., and the Nixon administration 's attempted cover-up of its involvement. In January 1973, the same month in which President Nixon began his second term, the burglars each went on trial separately before U.S. District Judge John Sirica; all pleaded or were found guilty. That February, the United States Senate voted to create a special investigative committee to look into the scandal. The resultant Senate Watergate hearings, led by Sam Ervin, commenced in May 1973. Broadcast "gavel-to-gavel" nationwide by PBS and (alternately) by the three U.S. commercial networks — ABC, CBS and NBC, the hearings aroused and held great public interest through that summer. Senators heard testimony that the president had approved plans to cover up administration involvement with the Watergate break-in, and learned of the existence of a voice-activated taping system in the Oval Office.

What was the Nixon smoking gun tape?

On August 5, 1974, Nixon released a transcript of one of the additional conversations to the public, known as the "smoking gun" tape, which made clear his complicity in the Watergate cover-up. This disclosure destroyed Nixon politically.

When did Nixon get impeached?

Nixon. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon began in the United States House of Representatives on October 30, 1973, following the series of high-level resignations and firings widely called the " Saturday Night Massacre " during the course of the Watergate scandal .

Who was the first Republican to publicly urge Nixon to resign?

On November 4, 1973, Senator Edward Brooke became the first congressional Republican to publicly urge President Nixon to resign.

Did Nixon face impeachment?

Though Nixon had not faced impeachment by the full House or a Senate trial, criminal prosecution was still a possibility at both the federal and state levels. Concerned about Nixon's well-being, and worried that the "ugly passions" aroused by the Watergate scandal would rise again during a lengthy Nixon prosecution, on September 8, 1974, President Ford granted Nixon a pardon for all crimes he had "committed or may have committed or taken part in" as president. Nixon, in his official acceptance of the pardon, said that he "was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy." While accepting the pardon implied an admission of guilt, Nixon maintained his innocence until his death in 1994.

Who became Nixon's attorney?

Banker, becomes Nixon's attorney. Kalmbach declined Nixon's offer to appoint him Under Secretary of Commerce, choosing instead to remain in California and build up his law practice. He instead became the president's private lawyer.

Who was Richard Nixon's fundraiser?

Meets Nixon, political fundraiser. Kalmbach was introduced to Richard Nixon, then vice-president, by H. R. Haldeman in the 1950s. He raised money for Richard Nixon's candidacy in the 1960 United States presidential election and again in 1968 United States presidential election .

What was the Kalmbach scandal?

Kalmbach was also the Deputy Finance Chairman for the Committee to Re-elect the President. In this capacity he was eventually implicated in a fund-raising scandal involving re-election campaign contributions by Associated Milk Producers, Inc. (AMPI) and two other major dairy-farm cooperatives in connection with Nixon's support of an increase in price supports for milk in 1971. Testimony by AMPI general manager George L. Mehrens in 1973 identified Kalmbach as a major solicitor of these contributions; articles on Charles Colson 's involvement in the AMPI scandal indicated that $2 million in contributions had been expected, but that the actual donations were nearer to $400,000, of which some $197,500 had been given by AMPI.

How long was Kalmbach in jail?

Kalmbach was convicted and served 191 days in jail ...

How much money did Kalmbach raise?

Kalmbach also raised $220,000 in "hush money" to pay off the Watergate burglars. But it was his raising of $3.9 million for a secret Republican congressional campaign committee and promising an ambassador a better post in exchange for $100,000 that led to his conviction and imprisonment for 191 days and a $10,000 fine.

What was the charge against Kalmbach?

Kalmbach pleaded guilty on February 25, 1974 on one count of violation of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act and on one count of promising federal employment as a reward for political activity and support of a candidate.

Who was the finance chairman of the 1968 Nixon campaign?

Convicted, jailed. Kalmbach was associate finance chairman of the 1968 Nixon for President campaign and was an unofficial fund-raiser for the Committee for the Re-election of the President, controlling several secret funds.

Why do Krogh and Dean say that ethics training is needed?

Krogh and Dean say that legal ethics training needs to better examine the external threats to a lawyer’s integrity, such as pressure for results, a conformist mindset and the demand for secrecy—all of which were part of the pressures facing the lawyers in the Nixon White House.

What did Krogh refuse to do in 1971?

But in the winter of 1971, Krogh refused to approve additional wiretaps sought by Liddy and the Plumbers. Eventually Krogh was re assigned to the post of undersecretary of Transportation. Krogh and Dean admit they were too young, too naive, too willing to do anything for their president.

What changed after Watergate?

Legal ethics and professionalism played almost no role in any lawyer’s mind, including mine. Watergate changed that—for me and every other lawyer.”. After Watergate, schools began to make legal ethics a required class. Bar examinations added an extra section on ethics.

How many programs did Krogh and Dean do in 2012?

Today, Krogh and Dean travel around the country speaking to bar associations, law firms and law schools about legal ethics. Each has been booked for about 20 programs in 2012.

What was the first break in at Watergate?

THE EARLIEST BREAK-IN. Watergate actually was the culmination of a chain of events that began months before the failed break-in at the Democratic Party offices. In March 1971, presidential assistant Charles Colson helped create a $250,000 fund for “intelligence gathering” of Democratic Party leaders.

How many states have the ABA disclosure rule?

A handful of states, including Maryland, Michigan and New Jersey, still adopted the disclosure rule; eventually more than 40 states adopted the rule in some form. The ABA rule held up for the next two decades, despite proposals to revise it in 1991 and 2002.

Does Krogh do CLE?

He says he’s invited other Watergate lawyers to join him at the programs, and some have agreed. Krogh does his own CLE ethics presentations, which have been equally successful. Like Dean, he tells his dramatic story with an insider’s view of the Nixon White House, a lawyer’s view of what happened—and why.

When did Richard Nixon start paying taxes?

Nixon's personal taxes first came to public notice in 1952, when the 39-year-old senator was running for vice president on Dwight Eisenhower's GOP ticket. 3 At the time, Nixon was struggling to answer questions about a campaign fund established by his backers. The fund was not illegal, as Nixon was quick to point out, but it looked bad. "Secret Rich Men's Trust Fund Keeps Nixon in Style Far Beyond His Salary," blared a typical headline. 4

What was the proximate cause of Nixon's taxes?

This time, the proximate cause was not a campaign fund but a pair of charitable donations the president made after winning his race for the White House. These donations, which involved gifts of personal and official records to the National Archives, were unremarkable, at least initially. But questions about the timing and valuation of these gifts soon created serious problems for both Nixon and the IRS.

What was the JCIRT investigation?

The JCIRT investigation prompted much discussion of the IRS and its abilities. The need for a congressional inquiry was itself a vote of no-confidence in the agency. Likewise, Nixon's repeated insistence that his returns had already been audited did little to encourage faith in the agency, especially as more details emerged about the president's returns.

How long did it take to review Nixon's tax returns?

The JCIRT had hoped to complete the review of Nixon's returns quickly, but it took four months for the panel to issue its final report. The process was thorough and time-consuming, involving approximately 30 interviews with people involved in preparing Nixon's returns. Committee staff also traveled to both California and New York to investigate transactions reported on the returns.

Was Nixon's tax scandal a footnote?

Nixon's tax scandal is barely a footnote in most historical treatments of his presidency. Watergate was so lurid as to obscure more pedestrian (and more tedious) misdeeds, like the papers donation. To the extent that the episode is remembered at all, the outrage is usually directed at the notion that a president would try to claim a deduction for donating his official papers to a government archive in the first place. But of course, those donations and associated deductions were perfectly legal -- and entirely routine -- until the middle of 1969.

Did the JCIRT report consider fraud?

Notably, the JCIRT staff report declined to consider the possibility of fraud or negligence on the part of either Nixon or his aides. The pending impeachment investigation by the House Judiciary Committee might eventually require JCIRT members to pass judgment on various charges, including fraud. "The staff believes that neither the House nor the Senate members of the Joint Committee would want to have pre-judged any issue which might be brought in any such proceedings," the report explained.

Was Nixon's deduction unjustified?

In July 1973 Tax Analysts and Advocates, a public interest law firm, published an article in Tax Notes concluding that Nixon's deduction was unjustified. The organization urged the IRS to consider appointing an outside auditor. "It is obvious that Internal Revenue Service agents and their superiors throughout the Internal Revenue Service would be extremely reluctant to audit the tax returns of the President of the United States as if he were an ordinary taxpayer," wrote Ira Tannenbaum, a Tax Analysts employee. "Or even if the IRS were willing to conduct such an audit, in view of the fact that the IRS Commissioner is responsible to the President, the results of such an IRS audit would be questioned as to whether they were reached in the proper disinterested manner." 15