lawyer who seperated india and pakistan

Who supported the idea of an independent Pakistan?

Aug 17, 2017 · In July 1947, about five weeks before the British were scheduled to depart the Indian subcontinent, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British lawyer, was commissioned to draw the borders that would divide...

Who won the independence of India and Pakistan?

Jan 20, 2014 · In congruence with such intense racial feelings, Muslim League Leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah, an exceptionally bright and competent lawyer, had embarked upon a campaign advocating a completely...

How was the border between India and Pakistan decided?

1947 Partition of India & Pakistan. by C. Ryan Perkins. As the clock struck midnight on August 15, 1947, celebratory shouts of freedom from colonial rule were drowned out by the cries of millions frantically making their way through the corpse-littered landscape of nascent India and Pakistan. After more than one hundred years of British East India Company rule and an additional 90 …

What was the 1947 Partition of India and Pakistan?

India and the new state of Pakistan were granted independence on 14 August 1947, but were only made aware of the new borders two days after. The weeks and months leading up to and following the partition saw unprecedented levels of rioting, violence, loss of property, rape, abduction and murder.

Who was the person who divided India and Pakistan?

It was named after its architect, Cyril Radcliffe, who, as the joint chairman of the two boundary commissions for the two provinces, received the responsibility to equitably divide 175,000 square miles (450,000 km2) of territory with 88 million people.

Who decided the border of India and Pakistan?

Sir Cyril RadcliffeIn July 1947, about five weeks before the British were scheduled to depart the Indian subcontinent, Sir Cyril Radcliffe, a British lawyer, was commissioned to draw the borders that would divide British India into two countries – Muslim-majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India.Aug 17, 2017

How India and Pakistan got separated?

The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, i.e. Crown rule in India. The two self-governing independent Dominions of India and Pakistan legally came into existence at midnight on 15 August 1947.

Who is richest country India Pakistan?

* According to World Bank estimates, in 2019, India's GDP (current $ terms) was $2.875 trillion while that of Pakistan was $278.22 billion. * In terms of purchasing power parity, India ranks third globally with a GDP of $9.612 trillion in 2019 while Pakistan is at 24th spot with GDP of $1.058 trillion.Nov 27, 2020

Is there a fence between India and Pakistan?

INDO-PAKISTAN BORDER The border runs along Jammu, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat for a length of about 2,300 km (excluding the Kashmir border portion which is under partial occupation of Pakistan). CPWD has already completed the work of border fencing in Punjab and Rajasthan sectors for a length of 1500 km.

Which countries are separated from India?

Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west; China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north; Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka is separated from India by a narrow channel of sea, formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.

Why was India divided?

They weren't happy about things like economic problems as a result of rules put on them by the British. There was also a lot of tension between Hindus and Muslims. In the years leading up to independence, the idea for the new independent region to be divided into two separate states - India and Pakistan - was born.

Who started British rule in India?

The British Raj refers to the period of British rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria.

The Background of The Partition of India

The first official meeting of the Indian National Congress (INC) was held in 1885. The Muslim League had been formed as a result of the British Gov...

The Apartheid Between The Hindus and The Muslims

During the British regime in India, the Muslims comprised of approximately 25% of the total population of the country. However, the racial discrimi...

The Hindu – Muslim Riots of 1946

India by this time, unnoticed by everyone, had been sitting on a bed of gunpowder of communal violence and the recipe for disaster had already been...

The Partition of India and The Independence

The geographical locations of the Muslims had made the partitioning of India an even more complex procedure. In northern India the Muslims were con...

Who was the Viceroy of India?

Lord Louis Mountbatten, the then Viceroy of India, had appealed to the Hindus and the Muslims for a united India. Mahatma Gandhi had been the only person to support the stand of Mountbatten. However, such pleas of Gandhi and Mountbatten had fallen upon the deaf ears of the communally blind Hindu and Muslim leaderships.

What was apartheid in India?

The apartheid between the Hindus and the Muslims: During the British regime in India, the Muslims comprised of approximately 25% of the total population of the country. However, the racial discrimination between the Hindus and Muslims were getting more pronounced. The Muslims, though differing in ethnic traits and language were spread across ...

What was Jinnah's demand for power?

Jinnah had made himself the forerunner of the Muslim cause and the demand of the Muslims was power, not only demarcated by geographical boundaries as specified under normal democratic conditions, but also involving religious appropriations.

Why were the Muslims apprehensive of the Hindus?

The Muslims were apprehensive of the fact that, through the implementation of such governance and constitution, the Hindus were actually attempting to constrain the lives of the Muslims. They were afraid that the Hindu Majority will severely interfere with the Muslim ways of living as dictated by the Quoran.

Why was the Muslim League formed?

The Muslim League had been formed as a result of the British Government efforts to divide the province of Bengal along religious lines, which had collapsed in the face of the vehement opposition led by the INC. The Muslim League had been formed to safeguard the rights of the Muslims in any case of such divisive actions of the British.

What was Jinnah's ultimate goal?

As described by Jinnah his ultimate goal was a consistent betterment of the Muslims, marked by developments in all the spheres of life, “……our spiritual, cultural and economic life in consonance with our own ideals, and according to the genius of our own people”.

How many people were displaced by partition?

The partition had caused an absolutely chaotic and unwanted displacement of at least ten million people while 500, 000 lives were claimed in the affray.

When did India and Pakistan split?

1947 Partition of India & Pakistan. As the clock struck midnight on August 15 , 1947, celebratory shouts of freedom from colonial rule were drowned out by the cries of millions frantically making their way through the corpse-littered landscape of nascent India and Pakistan. After more than one hundred years of British East India Company rule ...

Who created the borders of India?

One could blame the hastily drawn borders, which were created by a British lawyer, Sir Cyril Radcliffe who lacked basic knowledge of India and was given only five weeks to redraw all ...

How long did it take for India to gain independence?

After more than one hundred years of British East India Company rule and an additional 90 years of the British Raj, the Indian subcontinent had finally achieved Independence.

How many refugees were there in 1947?

There was nothing that could have prepared the approximately 14 million refugees for this nightmare. The 1947 Partition of the Indian subcontinent into the independent nations of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan was accompanied by one of the largest mass migrations in human history and violence on a scale ...

Which country gave the 650 princely states the choice of joining India, joining Pakistan or becoming independent?

The British had given the 650 princely states the choice of joining India, joining Pakistan or becoming independent and, in the majority of cases, the respective geographic location became a determining factor.

Who took control of India?

The crackdown that followed led to British control of India being handed over directly to the British Crown. The British monarchy, under Queen Victoria, took control of the British India Company’s land and gained influence over India’s princely states.

Why did India need to be partitioned?

Due to the political unrest in the country, Britain decided that India would need to be partitioned to carve out a separate homeland for Indian Muslims, but it wasn’t immediately clear which provinces would join which country. Some were given the right to choose, while others were divided up – the provinces of Assam, Bengal and Punjab were each split in half, with one half going to India and the other to the new Pakistan. The remaining princely states could pick a side. After the partition, Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan, and Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first president. Gandhi, who remained the strongest advocate for a unified country, was shot by a Hindu religious fanatic in 1948, just a month before the last of the British troops finally left India.

When did the violence between Hindus and Muslims start?

However, widespread violence between Hindus and Muslims started in Calcutta in August 1946 and spread later throughout North India. During Direct Action Day, also known as the Great Calcutta Killings, Muslims in Calcutta went on hartal (strike) to press for the new nation of Pakistan.

What was the turning point of the independence movement?

World War II (1939–1945) was a major turning point for the growing independence movement. The Indian National Congress launched the Quit India Movement in 1942, refusing to cooperate with the British during the war until India gained independence. After the war, mutinies swept the Indian sections of the British Army.

What happened to India during the 19th century?

During the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, Britain took control of India’s resources and, while investing heavily in infrastructure, channeled Indian wealth back to Britain and its global colonial projects. As a consequence, India suffered a series of famines that killed tens of millions of people.

What was the Indian Mutiny of 1857?

This meant that the company was able to take advantage of local fractures and tensions and employ a ‘divide and rule’ approach that saw it take control of most of India by 1850. In 1857, Indian soldiers employed by the company revolted en masse. What became known as the Indian Mutiny of 1857 (or “the First War of Independence” in India) ...

What country gained independence from Pakistan?

After a brutal and bloody war, East Pakistan gains independence from West Pakistan. It becomes the nation of Bangladesh, founded by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Seventy years have passed since India was divided and Pakistan was born.

When did India and Pakistan start fighting?

October 1947. The first war between India and Pakistan takes place over Kashmir -- a region in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges that both countries are still fighting over today. November 21, 1947.

What was the name of the event that spurs Mohandas Gandhi to focus his efforts on separating India from

Known as the Amritsar massacre, or the Jallianwala Bagh massacre , it is one of the events that spurs lawyer, politician and activist Mohandas Gandhi to focus his efforts on separating India from the British. 1919.

What was the name of the new nation formed by a Muslim political party for India's minority Muslim community?

What became known as partition gave birth to a new nation called Pakistan, conceived by a Muslim political party for India's minority Islamic community. But it was fraught with problems from the moment the British hastily drew the borderline.

How many people fled India in 1947?

In August 1947, around 12-15 million people fled their homes from one side of a new border within the former British colony of India to the other. The direction they took depended on their faith: Hindus and Sikhs came together and separated from Muslims.

What was the name of the attack on British officers in India?

May 1857. Known as the Indian Rebellion, or the Indian Mutiny, the Indian army launches a shocking and bloody nationwide attack on British officers in India. The attack occurs during the rule of the East India Company, a British corporation originally formed to facilitate trade with the East Indies, which aggravates ties with India ...

What was the name of the day of strikes in 1946?

August 1946. The Muslim League provincial government in Calcutta, now known as Kolkata, makes a call to Muslims for a "Direct Action Day" - ostensibly a day of strikes, although it has been open to different interpretations - to support the creation of Pakistan.