community resttorstion act and ibama as a lawyer for this when he was young

Does the Community Reinvestment Act push poor people out of their neighborhoods?

Politico has reported that the Community Reinvestment Act may sometimes push poor people out of their own neighborhoods by facilitating investment by outsiders.

Who is the author of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1999?

George Benston, The Community Reinvestment Act: Looking for Discrimination That Isn't There, Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 354, October 6, 1999. Seidman, E., "CRA in the 21st century", originally published in Mortgage banking, Washington, D.C., October 1, 1999.

What is the Community Reinvestment Act?

Community Reinvestment Act. The Community Reinvestment Act ( CRA, P.L. 95-128, 91 Stat. 1147, title VIII of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1977, 12 U.S.C. § 2901 et seq.) is a United States federal law designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments...

Did the CRA increase Responsible Lending to low-income homeownership?

Most of the loans made by depository institutions examined under the CRA have not been higher-priced loans, and studies have shown that the CRA has increased the volume of responsible lending to low- and moderate-income households. ^ Bair, Sheila (December 17, 2008). "Prepared Remarks: Did Low-income Homeownership Go Too Far?, FDIC Chairman".

What did the Community Reinvestment Act do?

The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), enacted in 1977, requires the Federal Reserve and other federal banking regulators to encourage financial institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they do business, including low- and moderate-income (LMI) neighborhoods.

What did Obama do for the country?

Major acts and legislationResponding to the Great Recession. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. ... Wall Street reform. Credit CARD Act of 2009. ... Taxation and spending. Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. ... 2013 debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown.

What did the Recovery Act of 2009 do?

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) - which President Obama signed into law on February 17th, 2009 - was an unprecedented action to stimulate the economy. It included measures to modernize our nation's energy and communication infrastructure and enhance energy independence.

Was the Recovery Act successful?

And despite claims to the contrary, these efforts were successful in preventing another Depression, and returning our economy to growth. As of January 2014, the economy has now added private sector jobs for 47 consecutive months, and a total of 8.5 million jobs has been added over that period.

Who was the best president?

Abraham Lincoln has taken the highest ranking in each survey and George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Theodore Roosevelt have always ranked in the top five while James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, and Franklin Pierce have been ranked at the bottom of all four surveys.

Who is the 1st black president?

America's first black president may refer to: Barack Obama, the first US president with documented African ancestry. Bill Clinton, sometimes so nicknamed. Various other US presidents, per unsubstantiated claims; see African heritage of presidents of the United States.

What is the Recovery Act by Obama?

An Act making supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation, infrastructure investment, energy efficiency and science, assistance to the unemployed, State, and local fiscal stabilization, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2009, and for other purposes. 16 U.S.C.

How much was Obama stimulus checks in 2008?

Eligible taxpayers received, along with their individual payment, $300 per dependent child under the age of 17. The payment was equal to the payer's net income tax liability, but could not exceed $600 (for a single person) or $1200 (married couple filing jointly).

What did the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 do?

The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 contained multiple provisions to boost the economy in the wake of the Great Recession. Individuals could receive an extra tax rebate of up to $600 outright plus $300 for every child. Businesses benefited from increased limits on depreciating assets for tax purposes.

Which president bailed out the banks?

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, often called the "bank bailout of 2008", was proposed by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, passed by the 110th United States Congress, and signed into law by President George W. Bush.

Is the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the ACA the same law?

The Cares Act, the economic stimulus package passed by the United States House and Senate is the largest stimulus package since The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the fiscal stimulus program passed by Congress and signed into law by President Obama in 2009.

Which agency executed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act?

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Public and Indian Housing, Public Housing Capital Fund.

What was the purpose of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act?

The intent of the bill was to protect religious practices from government interference, such as whether a Muslim prison guard could wear a beard, or if a Jehovah’s Witness needed special coverage for medical procedures because he or she is against blood transfusions, or Native American religious practices.

When did Illinois pass the same sex marriage law?

In 2004, Illinois lawmakers passed anti-discrimination laws based on sexual orientation for housing, employment, public accommodation, credit and other measures. Nine years later, the state passed a same-sex marriage law.

Did Pence say sexual orientation has anything to do with the Religious Freedom Restoration Act?

Pence played defense Sunday, saying, that sexual orientation "doesn’t have anything to do with" the Religious Freedom Restoration Act," adding that "then state-Sen Barack Obama voted for (the Religious Freedom Restoration Act) when he was in the state Senate of Illinois. The very same language." A spokeswoman for Pence did not respond.

What is the Community Reinvestment Act?

Not to be confused with a community redevelopment agency, also called by the acronym "CRA". An Act to amend certain Federal laws pertaining to community development, housing, and related programs. The Community Reinvestment Act ( CRA, P.L. 95-128, 91 Stat. 1147, title VIII of the Housing and Community Development Act ...

How many witnesses were there in the 2009 Community Reinvestment Act hearing?

The United States House Committee on Financial Services held hearings on September 16, 2009 on "Proposals to Modernize the Community Reinvestment Act" with 10 witnesses, including Johnson. Another hearing was held on April 15, 2010 on "Perspectives and Proposals on the Community Reinvestment Act" with eight witnesses.

What was the first study of CRA?

The first major research study of CRA was the 1993 book Community Reinvestment Performance (1993, Probus Publishing) by Kenneth H. Thomas, Ph.D., a Finance Lecturer at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. The main conclusion of the book, which was based on an analysis of the results of 6,706 CRA exams, was that the law was needed and it works but it must be improved, mainly through better and more objective enforcement to avoid "CRA Grade Inflation." Many of the recommendations in that book were included in the 1995 CRA reform. The CRA Handbook (1998, McGraw Hill) carefully examined over 1,500 CRA exams under the 1995 reforms and identified further CRA Grade Inflation and made specific recommendations to improve the law's effectiveness, primarily through more objective and quantifiable standards.

What are the CRA regulations?

CRA regulations give community groups the right to comment on or protest banks' purported non-compliance with CRA. Such comments could help or hinder banks' planned expansions. Groups at first only slowly took advantage of these rights. Regulatory changes during the Clinton administration allowed these community groups better access to CRA information and enabled them to increase their activities.

What are the agencies responsible for CRA compliance?

These agencies are the Federal Reserve System (FRB), the FDIC, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC). In 1981, to help achieve the goals of the CRA, each of the Federal Reserve banks established a Community Affairs Office to work with banking institutions and the public in identifying credit needs within the community and ways to address those needs.

Why was the CRA passed?

The CRA was passed as a result of national pressure to address the deteriorating conditions of American cities—particular ly lower-income and minority neighborhoods. Community activists, such as Gale Cincotta of National People's Action in Chicago, led the national fight to pass, and later to enforce the Act.

What was the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act?

In 1999 the Congress enacted and President Clinton signed into law the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act. This law repealed the part of the Glass–Steagall Act that had prohibited a bank from offering a full range of investment, commercial banking, and insurance services since its enactment in 1933. A similar bill was introduced in 1998 by Senator Phil Gramm but it was unable to complete the legislative process into law. Resistance to enacting the 1998 bill, as well as the subsequent 1999 bill, centered around the legislation's language which would expand the types of banking institutions of the time into other areas of service but would not be subject to CRA compliance in order to do so. The Senator also demanded full disclosure of any financial "deals" which community groups had with banks, accusing such groups of "extortion".

Why did Natoma become the face of the ACA debate?

Natoma became the face of the ACA debate when President Obama read her letter to a group of insurance executives to make the case for why we needed to act now. He held a rally in her hometown and Natoma’s story helped persuade her local member of Congress to vote for the bill.

Where is the ACA story?

The story of the ACA is an example of one that will be told in the Obama Presidential Center Museum, where we will highlight Americans like Natoma who helped shape the Obama presidency, while inspiring visitors to make change in their own communities.

When did Obama sign the health insurance reform bill?

President Barack Obama with Vice President Joe Biden, Members of Congress and special guests, signs the health insurance reform bill in the East Room of the White House, March 23, 2010. (Courtesy Barack Obama Library)

Why did the court allow Bloch to sue the association?

The Court allowed Bloch to sue the association for violating her religious freedom. The Court held that a claim for violating the Fair Housing Act could be established in two different ways. First, the Court held that Bloch could pursue a theory of discriminatory intent .

What is the purpose of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act?

The purpose of the RFRA was to allow a person to avoid complying with any law that interfered with the exercise of their religious freedom unless there was a compelling governmental interest behind the law and the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest was utilized. In City of Boerne v Flores, 521 US 507 (1997) the United States Supreme Court held that the RFRA could not be applied to the states, although it has subsequently been upheld as constitutional as applied to the federal government. Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal, 546 US 418 (2006). Accordingly, after City of Boerne v Flores, approximately twenty (20) states enacted a version of RFRA . Sixteen (16) states, including Michigan, proposed RFRA legislation during the 2015 legislative session.#N#As exemplified recently in Indiana, the enactment of the RFRA by the states has been extremely controversial. Proponents of state RFRA legislation argue that individuals should not be forced to take action that is contrary to their religious beliefs. Detractors of RFRA legislation argue that it provides a license to discriminate and erodes civil rights. This article will explore the current landscape of the federal and state law that is applicable to the exercise of religious freedom in community associations and then discuss the potential impact that the Federal RFRA and the proposed Michigan Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Senate Bill No. 4 (2015), may have on Michigan community associations.

What should a community association board consult with?

Given that religious freedom in community associations is a rapidly evolving area of the law, community association boards should consult with legal counsel when enacting and/or enforcing bylaws or ruling that could impact the religious beliefs of co-owners. As a general rule, courts will likely continue to uphold facially neutral bylaws and/or rules that interfere with the practice of religion in community associations, so long as is there is no discriminatory intent behind the bylaw or rule and the bylaw or rule has not been enforced in a discriminatory manner. However, community associations should be mindful that this general rule may change depending on future court rulings that interpret either federal or state versions of the RFRA, and that issues involving religious freedom are often decided on the specific facts of each particular case.#N#Kevin Hirzel is the Managing Member of Hirzel Law, PLC and concentrates his practice on commercial litigation, community association law, condominium law, Fair Housing Act compliance, homeowners association and real estate law. Mr. Hirzel is a fellow in the College of Community Association Lawyers, a prestigious designation given to less than 175 attorneys in the country. He has been a Michigan Super Lawyer’s Rising Star in Real Estate Law from 2013-2018, an award given to only 2.5% of the attorneys in Michigan each year. Mr. Hirzel was named an Up & Coming Lawyer by Michigan Lawyer’s Weekly in 2015, an award given to only 30 attorneys in Michigan each year. He represents community associations, condominium associations, cooperatives, homeowners associations, property owners and property managers throughout Michigan. He may be reached at (248) 480-8758 or kevin@hirzellaw.com.

Overview

Enforcement

History

Criticisms

See also

External links