a lawyer must not represent a client where representation

A lawyer may not represent a client, or where representation has commenced, must withdraw from the representation of a client, if: the representation will result in violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law; the lawyer’s physical or mental condition materially impairs her ability to represent the client;

Full Answer

When is a lawyer not allowed to represent a client?

(a) Except as stated in paragraph (c), a lawyer shall not represent a client or, where representation has commenced, shall withdraw from the representation of a client if:

When does a lawyer have to continue a representation?

When ordered to do so by a tribunal, a lawyer shall continue representation notwithstanding good cause for terminating the representation.

Can a lawyer be exempt from the duty to provide competent representation?

Although an agreement for a limited representation does not exempt a lawyer from the duty to provide competent representation, the limitation is a factor to be considered when determining the legal knowledge, skill, thoroughness and preparation reasonably necessary for the representation. See Rule 1.1.

When does a lawyer's physical or mental condition interfere with representation?

(1) the representation will result in violation of the rules of professional conduct or other law; (2) the lawyer's physical or mental condition materially impairs the lawyer's ability to represent the client; or

What are the four responsibilities of lawyers?

It describes the sources and broad definitions of lawyers' four responsibilities: duties to clients and stakeholders; duties to the legal system; duties to one's own institution; and duties to the broader society.

What is the 1.7 rule?

[1] Rule 1.7 is intended to provide clear notice of circumstances that may constitute a conflict of interest. Rule 1.7(a) sets out the limited circumstances in which representation of conflicting interests is absolutely prohibited even with the informed consent of all involved clients.

Should a lawyer abide by the clients decisions in all matters of representation?

A lawyer shall abide by a client's decision whether to settle a matter. Except as otherwise provided by law in a criminal case, the lawyer shall abide by the client's decision, after consultation with the lawyer, as to a plea to be entered, whether to waive jury trial and whether the client will testify.

What are the two conflicts involving representation of clients?

The recommended approach tracks the ABA Model Rule, which generally describes two kinds of conflict situations relating to current clients: (1) those involving direct adversity, (MR 1.7(a)(1)), and (2) those involving a significant risk that a lawyer's representation of current clients will be materially limited by the ...

Can an attorney refuse to represent a client?

CANON 14 - A LAWYER SHALL NOT REFUSE HIS SERVICES TO THE NEEDY. Rule 14.01 - A lawyer shall not decline to represent a person solely on account of the latter's race, sex. creed or status of life, or because of his own opinion regarding the guilt of said person.

Can my lawyer friend represent me?

At present, only solicitors and barristers can represent other people in court. This means that, without leave of the court, you cannot speak for a friend in court, except as a character witness. However, as it can make their job easier, many magistrates and judges will grant such 'leave'.

Can a lawyer represent a client in court?

An attorney does not only represent their client in civil and criminal proceedings but can also be charged with the duty of drafting various documents such as wills, contracts, registering companies, trademarks and the transfer of immovable property.

What are lawyers ethics?

Areas covered by ethical standards include: Independence, honesty and integrity. The lawyer and client relationship, in particular, the duties owed by the lawyer to his or her client. This includes matters such as client care, conflict of interest, confidentiality, dealing with client money, and fees.

Can lawyers represent themselves?

Do I have to have a lawyer or can I represent myself? You have a right to represent yourself in court in a civil case. If you choose to represent yourself, the court will hold you to the same standards as if you were a lawyer.

What does it mean when a lawyer has a conflict of interest?

A conflict of interest is defined as a conflict between professional duties and private interests, or when there is a conflict between the duty to one client and another.

Can a lawyer represent a family member?

Should a lawyer represent a family member? The answer to the first question is a qualified yes. Courts do not typically intervene in allowing a family litigant to choose their lawyer, just as they generally don't interfere with litigants who represent themselves.

Can a lawyer have a relationship with a client?

States using the ABA Model Rules have a pretty clear guideline: "A lawyer shall not have sexual relations with a client unless a consensual sexual relationship existed between them when the client-lawyer relationship commenced."

What is the rule for terminating a lawyer's representation?

Nevertheless, under Rule 1.16 (c), notwithstanding good cause for terminating the representation a lawyer must continue representation of a client when ordered to do so by a tribunal. A lawyer must comply with applicable law requiring notice to or permission of a tribunal when terminating a representation.

What are the reasons for termination of representation?

The termination of representation of a client may occur for several reasons: The matter has been concluded by closure, settlement, judgment, appeal or dismissal. The client and the lawyer have mutually decided to terminate the representation.

Is work product the property of the client?

The file, including attorney “work product,” is the property of the client, not the lawyer. Upon written request by the client, you must promptly release the entire file to the client or the client’s new lawyer.

Can a lawyer represent a client?

A lawyer may not represent a client, or where representation has commenced, must withdraw from the representation of a client, if: the representation will result in violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct or other law; the lawyer’s physical or mental condition materially impairs her ability to represent the client;

Can a lawyer withdraw from a client?

Under Rule 1.16 (b), a lawyer is permitted to withdraw from representation of a client: if withdrawal can be accomplished without material adverse effect on the client’s interests; the client persists in a course of action involving the lawyer’s services that the lawyer reasonably believes is criminal or fraudulent; ...

What is the prohibition of a lawyer from knowingly counseling or assisting a client to commit a crime or

[9] Paragraph (d) prohibits a lawyer from knowingly counseling or assisting a client to commit a crime or fraud. This prohibition, however, does not preclude the lawyer from giving an honest opinion about the actual consequences that appear likely to result from a client's conduct. Nor does the fact that a client uses advice in a course of action that is criminal or fraudulent of itself make a lawyer a party to the course of action. There is a critical distinction between presenting an analysis of legal aspects of questionable conduct and recommending the means by which a crime or fraud might be committed with impunity.

What does a client defer to a lawyer?

Clients normally defer to the special knowledge and skill of their lawyer with respect to the means to be used to accomplish their objectives, particularly with respect to technical, legal and tactical matters. Conversely, lawyers usually defer to the client regarding such questions as the expense to be incurred and concern for third persons who ...

What is limited representation?

[6] The scope of services to be provided by a lawyer may be limited by agreement with the client or by the terms under which the lawyer's services are made available to the client. When a lawyer has been retained by an insurer to represent an insured, for example, the representation may be limited to matters related to the insurance coverage. A limited representation may be appropriate because the client has limited objectives for the representation. In addition, the terms upon which representation is undertaken may exclude specific means that might otherwise be used to accomplish the client's objectives. Such limitations may exclude actions that the client thinks are too costly or that the lawyer regards as repugnant or imprudent.

Why is limited representation appropriate?

A limited representation may be appropriate because the client has limited objectives for the representation. In addition, the terms upon which representation is undertaken may exclude specific means that might otherwise be used to accomplish the client's objectives.

Which clause of paragraph (d) recognizes that determining the validity or interpretation of a statute or regulation may require

The last clause of paragraph (d) recognizes that determining the validity or interpretation of a statute or regulation may require a course of action involving disobedience of the statute or regulation or of the interpretation placed upon it by governmental authorities.

Can a lawyer continue to assist a client?

A lawyer may not continue assisting a client in conduct that the lawyer originally supposed was legally proper but then discovers is criminal or fraudulent. The lawyer must, therefore, withdraw from the representation of the client in the matter. See Rule 1.16 (a). In some cases, withdrawal alone might be insufficient.

Can legal representation be denied?

[5] Legal representation should not be denied to people who are unable to afford legal services, or whose cause is controversial or the subject of popular disapproval. By the same token, representing a client does not constitute approval of the client's views or activities.

Why can't a lawyer stop defending a client?

A lawyer absolutely cannot stop defending a client because the lawyer believes the client is guilty. This is so that an apparently guilty client only has to convince a court of his innocence, not a court and his lawyer.

What happens if a lawyer's client lies to the lawyer?

But, if a lawyer's client lies to the lawyer causing a representation made by the lawyer to end up being false, the lawyer may want to cease representing the client so that the lawyer does not end up innocently making a false statement that damages the lawyer's reputation in the future.

What is ethical reason?

First of all, to clarify, the question when asking about "ethical reasons" is asking about personal, not legally enforceable reasons based in personal morality that a lawyer might withdraw. This terminology can be a bit confusing because violations of legally enforceable rules of professional conduct for lawyers, are commonly called "ethics rules". But, violations of "ethics rules" were discussed above, and this part of the answer is about non-legally enforceable reasons rooted in a lawyer's personal moral compass that might cause a lawyer to withdraw from a representation of a client in the middle of a case.

What happens if a lawyer withdraws from a case?

Similarly, if the lawyer withdraws following a judge's implication that the lawyer has engaged in misconduct in a case, or following a client letter to court accusing the lawyer of something unsavory, that hurts the lawyer's reputation.

Why do lawyers withdraw from court?

If the lawyer withdraws because he won't be able to make court dates because he will be serving a jail sentence himself or will be in drug rehabilitation or is facing embezzlement charges, that isn't good for the lawyer's reputation.

What is the job of a judge and jury?

That is the job of a judge and jury. They are in the business of putting the client's best foot forward. Indeed, frequently, a lawyer will intentionally refrain from having a client tell the lawyer about the facts necessary to actually know if the client is guilty or not.

Can a lawyer withdraw from a case if he is not paid?

But, if a lawyer is not getting paid early in a case, for example, entering an appearance on an emergency basis around the time of an arrest and then seeking to withdraw a week or two later when the client fails to make a promised retainer payment, the lawyer will usually be allowed to withdraw by the court.

What happens if a lawyer is not competent?

If a lawyer is not competent to handle a legal matter, that lawyer is generally required to become competent, either by consulting with another lawyer or conducting adequate research. Furthermore, a lawyer should not handle a legal matter without adequate preparation under the circumstances.

What to do if you suspect a lawyer is unresponsive?

If the lawyer is unresponsive or not willing to discuss the matter, then that person may wish to file a complaint with your attorney’s State Bar Association.

What is zealous representation?

Zealous Representation. A lawyer should represent a client zealously within the bounds of the law. However, in cases where a client’s conduct could arguably be illegal, a lawyer may refuse aid or participate in such conduct. Furthermore, a lawyer may not assert a position, file a suit, delay trial, or take actions on behalf of a client, ...

What are the rules of professional responsibility?

Model Rules of Professional Responsibility. Every state is responsible for drafting their own set of codes of professional responsibility governing attorney ethics. The American Bar Association developed the Model Rules of Professional Responsibility to act a guideline for ethical conduct and help resolve moral and ethical dilemmas.

Can an attorney prove malpractice?

Proving that your attorney committed malpractice can be difficult. You have to know exactly what constitutes malpractice and show that your attorney actually committed malpractice. An experienced malpractice attorney can help you determine whether or not you’re a victim of attorney malpractice.

Can a lawyer use perjured testimony?

A lawyer cannot knowingly use perjured testimony or false evidence. A lawyer cannot knowingly assert false statements of law or fact. A lawyer cannot preserve or create evidence which the lawyer knows is false. A lawyer cannot assist his client in conduct the lawyer knows to be illegal or fraudulent.

Can a lawyer reveal confidence?

In limited some instances, a lawyer can reveal confidences if such confidence is a client’s intent is a crime that may cause death or serious injury. A lawyer should exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of a client. A lawyer cannot accept employment from a client when there is a conflict of interest.

Why can't a lawyer refuse a client?

Other answers have said a lawyer cannot refuse a client because they do not like them. I personally work almost exclusively on a contingent fee basis. I only get paid if I win.

Can a prosecutor choose what cases to file?

They have no choice, barring a legal ethics problem with the case. Prosecutors get to choose what cases to file, but in some circumstances, if the prosecutor refuses to file for their own personal moral reasons, that could be a problem for them, politically speaking.

Do lawyers have duties above their personal values?

A. if they don’t like the client, then NO. 1. Lawyers have duties above their personal values: Lawyers have ethical duties to the court, their client and society greater than their personal values. Their duty to the court is paramount.

Can a barrister refuse a case?

Continue Reading. In England and Wales, a barrister cannot refuse a case because he doesn't like his client, or thinks the client might be guilty,or any such reason. Under the Bar Code of Conduct, we have something called the "Cab Rank Rule" which applies to all areas of law, not just criminal law.

Can a private attorney decline to represent a client?

Now, not every attorney is cut out to be a criminal defense attorney, and that's their prerogative. And a private attorney may choose to decline to represent a client for any non-discriminatory reason they choose, including that the evidence is overwhelming that the client is guilty.

Do public defenders have to take cases?

Public defenders must take cases that are qualified for their office. They have no choice, ba. Continue Reading. Private lawyers are not required to take on any case they do not want to take on. The right to refuse a case most certainly extends to moral and ethical reasons.

Can I be an advocate for someone who refuses to lie under oath?

Yes, In my career if have refused to represent people that intend to lie under oath and for other reasons. Since an attorney has the obligation to be the advocate for the client, if I don’t like the facts or the person then I don’t feel I can be the best advocate for them.

What should an attorney consider when determining if a client has a mental illness?

Once an attorney determines whether a client has a mental illness and takes the proper legal precautions, the attorney should also consider his or her behavior toward the client as the representation continues. For any client, effective representation goes far beyond the bare minimum legal and ethical requirements.

What happens if a client cannot act in his or her own interest?

If the client cannot act in his or her own interest, then an attorney “may take reasonably necessary protective action, including consulting with individuals or entities that have the ability to take action to protect the client and, in appropriate cases, seeking the appointment of guardian ad litem, conservator or guardian.”

What is the ABA model rule of professional conduct?

For lawyers in this position, they need to know ABA Model Rule of Professional Conduct 1.14, which addresses client-lawyer relationships where the client suffers from a mental illness or diminished capacity. Rule 1.14, a version of which has been adopted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, states, “the lawyer shall, as far as reasonably possible, maintain a normal client-lawyer relationship with the client.”

Why is it not a good idea to seek a guardian?

A lawyer is not to seek a guardian for a client because the client displays bad judgment, makes imprudent choices, or disagrees with the attorney’s assessment of his or her best interest.

Can a lawyer be a guardian?

The ethics rules adopted in most states provide that a lawyer may seek a guardian for a client under a disability, “or take other protective action with respect to a client, only when the lawyer reasonably believes that the client cannot adequately act in the client’s own interest.”. Model Rule 1.14 (b).

Do attorneys have to be aware of mental health?

Attorneys should be aware of mental health symptoms to spot a mental illness when representation commences. This, again, may be easier said than done. After all, most attorneys are not trained in mental health assessment. And the younger or less experienced the attorney, the more difficult it can be for the attorney to determine if their client is suffering from a mental illness that affects their capacity to such a degree that the client is unable to understand the lawyer’s advice or make informed decisions.

Did the attorney show up for court?

The attorney never not showed up for court and did not file a motion to postpone. This forced the client to face the judge with no representation. Consequently, the client lost the case.#N#(Is there a statute of limitation in place for the client's recourse?)

Can you sue an attorney for malpractice?

Yes, there is a statue of limitations for a malpractice claim against an attorney, so without delay you should access experienced counsel to evaluate your claim. Be aware that you must prove that the attorney's action (or failure to act) was below the standard of care for attorneys in your community, and that the act or omission caused you damages measurable in money.

Allocation of Authority Between Client and Lawyer

Independence from Client's Views Or Activities

• Legal representation should not be denied to people who are unable to afford legal services, or whose cause is controversial or the subject of popular disapproval. By the same token, representing a client does not constitute approval of the client's views or activities.

See more on americanbar.org

Agreements Limiting Scope of Representation

Criminal, Fraudulent and Prohibited Transactions